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1994 Mar 14;341(1):91-3.Effects of L-carnitine on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activities in muscle of endurance athletes

doi: 10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102688 Mahtab Zangui , Aye M Thida , Leen Khoury , Imad Karam , Ramtin Moradi , Aastha Baral , Maksim Agaronov , Brown Jordonna

Different forms of L-Carnitine serve slightly different purposes: L-Carnitine L-Tartrate is commonly used for strength training because it helps reduce muscle soreness and supports faster recovery Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is known for its cognitive benefits and endurance support, helping enhance mental clarity while boosting energy production Propionyl-L-Carnitine improves blood flow and cardiovascular performance, which is especially beneficial for long-distance runners and high-intensity athletes For pre-workout supplementation, L-Carnitine L-Tartrate is generally preferred due to its rapid absorption and strong effects on reducing exercise-induced muscle fatigue

ALC also delays the decline of cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients with a 1-year administration at a dosage of 2.0 g/day (CALVANI et al., 1992)

Smith W.S., Johnston S.C., Skalabrin E.J., Weaver M., Azari P., Albers G.W., Gress D.R

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